Nutrition, environmental changes, and water quality are important factors that influence the growth of freshwater fishes like tilapia. Rearing tilapia does not only depend on feeding and water quality management, but also on the genetic background of the stocks used for farming. Tilapias have been domesticated in the Philippines for almost three decades and it is inevitable that most of the stocks found in several hatcheries are slow-growing, less resistant to diseases, early maturing, and sometimes physically deformed. These characteristics could be indications of inbreeding due to poor broodstock management practices. This manual discusses the important principles in tilapia broodstock and hatchery management, problems experienced by hatchery operators and by the industry in general, and the solutions through which these constraints are addressed.